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Sunday, June 27, 2010

ScienceDaily Health Headlines -- for Friday, June 25, 2010

ScienceDaily Health Headlines

for Friday, June 25, 2010

Welcome to another edition of ScienceDaily's email newsletter. You can change your subscription options or unsubscribe at any time.

Addiction: a loss of plasticity of the brain? (June 25, 2010) -- Why is it that only some drug users become addicts?Researchers have just discovered that the transition to addiction could result from a persistent impairment of synaptic plasticity in a key structure of the brain. ... > full story
Popular heart drug may be unsafe for some kidney patients (June 25, 2010) -- For patients with kidney disease on dialysis, the widely used heart medication digoxin may lead to an increased risk of premature death, according to a new study. ... > full story
Migraine sufferers who experienced childhood abuse have greater risk of cardiovascular disease, study finds (June 25, 2010) -- Migraine sufferers who experienced abuse and neglect as children have a greater risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease including stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) among others, say scientists. ... > full story
Novel approach developed to study neurological disorders (June 25, 2010) -- Researchers have developed a novel approach to efficiently identify disease relevant genes in human complex neurological disorders and demonstrated the effectiveness of this method by applying it to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or Lou Gehrig's disease. ... > full story
Possible role for Smurf1 in pulmonary arterial hypertension (June 25, 2010) -- Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a progressive disease, marked by shortness of breath and fatigue which can be fatal if untreated. Increased pressure in the pulmonary artery and its branches is associated with dysfunctional growth control of endothelial and smooth muscle cells leading to excessive thickening of the blood vessel wall, obliteration of the lumen and right heart failure. ... > full story
How likely is misdiagnosis? (June 25, 2010) -- Medical researchers have been evaluating the accuracy of patient diagnoses. Evaluating diagnostic strategy is crucial to clinical practice as it helps maximize the efficacy of the treatments which are offered to patients. Many lives are affected every day by the diagnoses made by hospitals and medical doctors, and it is vital that diagnoses are accurate. ... > full story
Antihypertensive drugs may protect against Alzheimer's disease (June 24, 2010) -- Researchers have found that the drug carvedilol, currently prescribed for the treatment of hypertension, may lessen the degenerative impact of Alzheimer's disease and promote healthy memory functions. ... > full story
Breast milk transmits drugs and medicines to the baby (June 24, 2010) -- Give up smoking, do not drink more than three cups of coffee per day, do not take any kind of drug, or if you do, take it as long as possible before feeding your baby. These are some of the recommendations contained in a study produced by researchers on methods for detecting medicines and drugs in breast milk. The study shows that the risk from substances such as alcohol is still not well understood. ... > full story
How embryos fight retroviral infection (June 24, 2010) -- Some viruses insert themselves into the host's DNA during infection in a process called retroviral integration, causing several diseases, including AIDS and cancer, notes a researcher who specializes in fetal diseases. However, stem cells that give rise to the early embryo and yolk sac fight back, inhibiting further infection by aggressively silencing the invading viral DNA, he says. ... > full story
Moldy homes a serious risk for severe asthma attacks in some (June 24, 2010) -- Exposure to high levels of fungus may increase the risk of severe asthma attacks among people with certain chitinase gene variants, according to a new study. ... > full story
Winning a soccer penalty shootout: cheering convincingly increases changes of success (June 24, 2010) -- Behaviour is contagious. If you see someone yawn or smile, it’s often a matter of seconds before you do the same yourself. This copying behaviour also turns out to work on the soccer pitch. "The more convincingly someone celebrates their success with their teammates, the greater the chances that team will win," according to one sport scientist. ... > full story
Hallmark Alzheimer's disease changes found in retinas of humans and imaged in live animals (June 24, 2010) -- The nerve cell-damaging plaque that builds up in the brain with Alzheimer's disease also builds up in the retinas of the eyes -- and it shows up there earlier, leading to the prospect that noninvasive optical imaging of the eyes could lead to earlier diagnosis, intervention and monitoring of the disease, according to new research. ... > full story
Left or right? Early clues to soccer penalty kicks revealed (June 24, 2010) -- In the split second before foot meets ball, a soccer player's body betrays whether a penalty kick will go left or right, according to recent research in cognitive science. The findings could explain how some top goalkeepers are able to head off a penalty kick, diving in the correct direction in advance of the kick. It could also point the way to changes in how players kick, and goalies react. ... > full story
Babies' first bacteria depend on birthing method, says new study (June 24, 2010) -- A new study indicates different delivery methods of newborn babies has a big effect on the types of microbial communities they harbor as they emerge into the world, findings with potential implications for the heath of infants as they grow and develop. ... > full story
Ignoring stress leads recovering addicts to more cravings (June 24, 2010) -- Recovering addicts who avoid coping with stress succumb easily to substance use cravings, making them more likely to relapse during recovery, according to behavioral researchers. ... > full story
Analyzing food and beverages with magnetic levitation (June 24, 2010) -- Scientists are reporting development of a new use for magnetic levitation, or "maglev," the futuristic technology best known for enabling high-speed passenger trains to float above the tracks. They describe putting maglev to use in an inexpensive sensor for analyzing food, water, and other beverages. ... > full story
Drug mitigates toxic effects of radiation in mice (June 24, 2010) -- Medical researchers have provided one of the first examples of successful radiomitigation in mammals. The investigators found that oral treatment of mice with a drug that inhibits enzymes involved in cell division caused certain groups of bone marrow cells to temporarily stop dividing (which they termed "pharmacological quiescence" or PQ). ... > full story
Gut bacteria could be key indicator of colon cancer risk (June 24, 2010) -- A new study suggests that a shift in the balance between the "good" bacteria and the "bad" bacteria that populate our gut could be a harbinger of colon cancer. ... > full story
Language of RNA decoded: Study reveals new function for pseudogenes and noncoding RNAs (June 24, 2010) -- The central dogma of molecular biology holds that genetic information is transferred from DNA to functional proteins by way of messenger RNA (mRNA). This suggests that mRNA has but a single role, that being to encode for proteins. Now, a cancer genetics team suggests there is much more to RNA than meets the eye. ... > full story
Gay men's bilateral brains better at remembering faces, study finds (June 24, 2010) -- A Canadian study finds that gay men can recall familiar faces faster and more accurately than their heterosexual counterparts. ... > full story
How lead exposure damages the brain: New research fills in the picture (June 24, 2010) -- Exposure to lead during early childhood and even later in life has long been known to affect the release of critical neurotransmitters. However, the precise mechanism by which lead ions (Pb2+) impair this process has remained unknown. The study demonstrates that during the formation of synapses -- synaptogenesis -- exposure to lead alters the levels of several key proteins involved in neurotransmitter release. ... > full story
New method of peptide synthesis makes it easier to create drugs based on natural compounds (June 24, 2010) -- A team of chemists has developed a novel method for chemically synthesizing peptides that promises to lower the cost and increase the availability of drugs based on natural compounds. ... > full story
Obesity, weight gain in middle age associated with increased risk of diabetes among older adults (June 24, 2010) -- For individuals 65 years of age and older, obesity, excess body fat around the waist and gaining weight after the age of 50 are associated with an increased risk of diabetes, according to a new study. ... > full story
Pre-stored phrases make it easier to be part of a conversation (June 24, 2010) -- Researchers in Sweden have now developed a system where pre-stored phrases are used in addition to writing, with a view to making communication faster and more easy-going for people with serious speech disorders. ... > full story
Jetting off without the jet lag (June 24, 2010) -- Everyone hates the jet lag that accompanies travel to locations in different time zones. The symptoms of jet lag are caused by misalignment of a person's internal body clock and external time. New research provides insight into the molecular mechanisms responsible for resetting the internal body clock in the mouse, data that point to potential therapies to overcome jet lag. ... > full story
Skins prone to sunburn may be capable of a normal tan (June 24, 2010) -- As the beaches of Southern Europe prepare for this summer’s influx of pale skinned British sun worshippers, new research from the UK has found that redheads are just as capable of making the melanin needed for a tan as the olive-skinned locals. ... > full story
Mechanism explains complications associated with diabetes (June 24, 2010) -- New research uncovers a molecular mechanism that links diabetes with an increased risk of cardiovascular problems and sudden cardiac death. The study finds that high blood sugar prevents vital communication between the brain and the autonomic nervous system, which controls many involuntary activities in the body. ... > full story
Young children are skilled negotiators, Swedish research finds (June 24, 2010) -- Young children are skilled negotiators when it comes to relationships and the content of play, reveals new research from Sweden. ... > full story
Polio research gives new insight into tackling vaccine-derived poliovirus (June 24, 2010) -- A vaccine-derived strain of poliovirus that has spread in recent years is serious but it can be tackled with an existing vaccine, according to a new study. ... > full story
Can START stop cholesterol build-up? (June 24, 2010) -- A newly discovered group of proteins could help treat cholesterol build-up in arteries. ... > full story
Asymetric nanostructures for early and more accurate prediction of cancer (June 24, 2010) -- Nanotechnology Researchers in Belgium have demonstrated biosensors based on novel nanostructure geometries that increase the sensitivity and allow to detect extremely low concentrations of specific disease markers. This paves the way to early diagnostics of for example cancer by detecting low densities of cancer markers in human blood samples. ... > full story
Abusive mothering aggravates the impact of stress hormones (June 24, 2010) -- In a new study, researchers have dissected the behavior of mother rats and their infant pups, modeling nurturing by stroking and abuse with electric shock. In this animal model of infant abuse, they took into consideration the unique infant neurobehavioral learning attachment system that ensures infant rats’ attachment to their caregiver regardless of the quality of care received. ... > full story
Researchers call for support for parents of children with disabilities (June 24, 2010) -- Caring for a child with a disability can be challenging, but many of these challenges are due to a lack of necessary environmental supports, according to a new study. ... > full story
Usefulness of shear wave velocity in managing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (June 24, 2010) -- A research team from Japan investigated whether a noninvasive measurement of tissue strain has a potential usefulness for management of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The results showed that shear wave velocity could be reproducibly measured at multiple sites and showed positive correlations with histological fibrous stages and a serum fibrous marker suggesting great potential for clarifying NASH stage and fibrosing process. ... > full story
Endoscopic findings of cytomegalovirus gastritis (June 24, 2010) -- A research team from Japan clarified the endoscopic and clinical findings of cytomegalovirus (CMV) gastritis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Their study suggested that erosion and oozing, as well as abdominal pain, are useful indicators in the diagnosis of CMV gastritis following allo-SCT. ... > full story
C-reactive protein measurement in children inflammatory bowel disease patients (June 24, 2010) -- A research team from Finland studied whether high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) measurement can aid the assessment of disease activity and glucocorticoid treatment in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Their study showed that the measurement of hs-CRP did not prove useful in the assessment of disease activity or glucocorticoid treatment in pediatric IBD patients that had undetectable standard CRP. ... > full story
A new therapeutic intervention for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (June 24, 2010) -- A research team from China investigated the expression of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) p65 and hypoxiainducible transcription factor 1a (HIF-1a) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and their clinical significance. Their results demonstrated that TLR4, NF-kB p65 and HIF-1a are overexpressed in PDAC, TLR4 may be partly involved in up-regulating HIF-1a, and both synergestically promote development of PDAC. ... > full story
A future strategy for the treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis (June 24, 2010) -- A research team from China focused on the effects of the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 receptor (CXCR4) antagonist AMD3100 on the intestinal epithelial barrier. They found that CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 exerts therapeutic effects on experimental colitis by inhibiting colonic inflammation and enhancing epithelial barrier integrity. ... > full story
What affects the gastrointestinal symptoms in peritoneal dialysis patients? (June 24, 2010) -- Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in peritoneal dialysis patients. A research group in China investigated the gastrointestinal symptoms in peritoneal dialysis patients and explored the related factors. Eating dysfunction, reflux and indigestion were the most common gastrointestinal complaints. Patient with a history of corticosteroid therapy or taking more pills daily was more likely to develop gastrointestinal symptoms, while the better the residual renal function, the less likely the patient was to have these symptoms. ... > full story
Is it safe for endoscopic piecemeal mucosal resection in treating large sessile colorectal polyps? (June 24, 2010) -- Endoscopic removal of colonic adenomatous polyps is a commonly used technique that reduces the incidence of colorectal cancer. A research group at the National Cancer Center, Korea revealed that endoscopic piecemeal mucosal resection can be used safely for large sessile colorectal polyps, but should be applied carefully in malignant polyps due to high recurrence rate. ... > full story
Optimal surgical procedure for duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (June 24, 2010) -- Duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors are rare primary duodenal tumors, and there are few guidelines to help the clinician with their surgical management. A Switzerland research group reports a limited surgical operation to remove these tumors by segmental duodenectomy. The results were good with no complications and mortality. All the patients are still alive and disease-free, even after several years of follow up. ... > full story
Brave brains: Neural mechanisms of courage uncovered in study of fear of snakes (June 23, 2010) -- A fascinating new study combines snakes with brain imaging in order to uncover neural mechanisms associated with "courage." The research provides new insight into what happens in the brain when an individual voluntarily performs an action opposite to that promoted by ongoing fear and may even lead to new treatment strategies for those who exhibit a failure to overcome their fear. ... > full story
Structural basis for incidence of skin cancers in a genetic disorder discovered (June 23, 2010) -- Researchers have found why patients with a variant form of xeroderma pigmentosum (XPV), an inherited genetic disorder characterized by extreme sensitivity to the sun, are more susceptible to skin cancers than the general population. Their finding sets the stage for research into therapies that would help protect people with XPV from developing skin cancers. ... > full story
Loneliness, poor health appear to be linked (June 23, 2010) -- Two studies have found that hoarding friends doesn't necessarily diminish forlorn feelings and that loneliness is a matter of perception. Superficial relationships, researchers say, can not only result in feelings of detachment, but also contribute to certain health-related problems. ... > full story
Lowering homocysteine levels with folic acid and vitamin B12 does not appear to reduce risk of heart attack, stroke, study finds (June 23, 2010) -- Patients who had experienced a heart attack and lowered their blood homocysteine levels with folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation did not have an associated lower risk of heart attack, coronary death or stroke, according to a new study. However, the researchers did find that folic acid supplementation did not increase the risk of cancer, which has been speculated. ... > full story
US ranks last among 7 countries on health system performance, new report says (June 23, 2010) -- Despite having the most expensive health care system, the United States ranks last overall compared to six other industrialized countries -- Australia, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom -- on measures of health system performance in five areas: quality, efficiency, access to care, equity and the ability to lead long, healthy, productive lives, according to a new report. ... > full story
Genetically modified cell procedure may prove useful in treating kidney failure (June 23, 2010) -- A protein whose primary role is in the embryonic development of kidneys may play a future role in treating kidney failure. Researchers have successfully treated acute kidney injury in laboratory experiments using cells that were genetically reprogrammed to produce the protein. The research suggests there could be a potential future treatment using such cells delivered intravenously instead of surgically. ... > full story
Exercise trumps creatine in cardiac rehabilitation (June 23, 2010) -- Athletes have been enjoying the benefits of creatine supplements to gain stronger muscles since the 1990s, and the supplement has also proven beneficial among other groups. Could it help cardiac patients regain strength to help with their heart-training workouts as part of rehabilitation? The evidence at this stage suggests not -- exercise alone proved a far more powerful tonic for patients in a study out today. ... > full story

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