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Wednesday, July 28, 2010

ScienceDaily Health Headlines -- for Wednesday, July 28, 2010

ScienceDaily Health Headlines

for Wednesday, July 28, 2010

Welcome to another edition of ScienceDaily's email newsletter. You can change your subscription options or unsubscribe at any time.


Can you ask a pig if his glass is half full? (July 28, 2010) -- Experts in the UK have shown for the first time that a pig's mood mirrors how content he is, highlighting that pigs are capable of complex emotions which are directly influenced by their living conditions. ... > full story

Late preterm births associated with increased risk of respiratory illnesses (July 28, 2010) -- An analysis of more than 200,000 deliveries finds that compared to infants born at full term, those born between 34 weeks and 37 weeks are more likely to have severe respiratory illness, and this risk decreases with each added week of gestational age during the late preterm period, according to a new study. ... > full story

Protein identified that can result in fragile bones (July 28, 2010) -- Too little of a protein called neogenin results in a smaller skeleton during development and sets the stage for a more fragile bone framework lifelong, researchers report. ... > full story

Obesity rise linked to disability increase among elderly in Latin America and the Caribbean (July 28, 2010) -- According to a new study, rising obesity rates in Latin America and the Caribbean are making elderly people there more likely to suffer from disabilities. ... > full story

Not as Web savvy as you think? Young people give Google, other top brand search results too much credibility, study finds (July 28, 2010) -- College students trust Google so much that a study has found many students only click on websites that turn up at the top of Google searches to complete assigned tasks. If they don't use Google, researchers found that students trust other brand-name search engines and brand-name websites to lead them to information. ... > full story

Multifunctional nanoparticle enables new type of biological imaging (July 28, 2010) -- By combining a nanoparticle's magnetic and thermal properties, researchers have created a new technique that virtually eliminates the background noise from non-radioactive medical imaging. ... > full story

Biomarkers found for postmenopausal cardiovascular disease (July 28, 2010) -- Analysis of blood protein data from the Women's Health Initiative cohorts has revealed new biomarkers for stroke and coronary heart disease. Research found that beta-2 microglobulin levels were significantly elevated in postmenopausal women with CHD, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 was strongly associated with stroke. ... > full story

Adherence to recommended exercise improves physical function, reduces pain for osteoarthritis patients (July 28, 2010) -- Patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee or hip who adhere to the recommended home physical therapy exercises and physically active lifestyle experience more improvement in pain, physical function, and self-perceived effect according to a study from researchers in The Netherlands. Research also shows that maintenance of exercise behavior and physically active lifestyle after discharge of physical therapy improves the long-term effectiveness of exercise therapy in patients with knee or hip OA. ... > full story

The more frequently you log on, the more weight you can keep off, study finds (July 28, 2010) -- The more people used an interactive weight management website, the more weight loss they maintained, according to a new study. ... > full story

Many people can and do lead because they want to help others, research suggests (July 28, 2010) -- In an era when the motives and ambitions of leaders such as Barack Obama, Nicolas Sarkozy and David Cameron are under constant public and media scrutiny, new research conducted in the UK has suggested that many people can and do lead because they want to help others. ... > full story

Remembering to forget: The amnesic effect of daydreaming (July 27, 2010) -- When your mind drifts, it's hard to remember what was going on before you stopped paying attention. Now a new study has found that the effect is stronger when your mind drifts farther -- to memories of an overseas vacation instead of a domestic trip, for example, or a memory in the more distant past. ... > full story

Key milestone towards the development of a new clinically useful antibiotic (July 27, 2010) -- Scientists have identified the genes necessary for making a highly potent and clinically unexploited antibiotic in the fight against multi-resistant pathogens. ... > full story

Body mass index at age 17 within the normal range can predict future risk for hypertension in later life (July 27, 2010) -- How might teenage boys and girls with normal blood pressure might progress into becoming young adults with hypertension? Boys are three to four times more likely to develop hypertension as young adults and the higher the blood pressure value, even within the normal range, the higher is the risk for becoming hypertensive adults, according to new research. ... > full story

Who gives a tweet? Nuanced feedback for microbloggers (July 27, 2010) -- Researchers are launching a study to understand what aspects of Twitter content are considered valuable, and how that impacts presentation and perception of online identity. ... > full story

ADHD, conduct disorder and smoking most strongly related to dropping out of high school (July 27, 2010) -- Teens with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) -- the most common childhood psychiatric condition in the United States -- are less likely to finish high school on time than students with other mental-health disorders that often are considered more serious, a large national study has found. ... > full story

Invention enables people with disabilities communicate and steer a wheelchair by sniffing (July 27, 2010) -- Neurobiologists and electrical engineers have invented a new technology that lets the severely disabled communicate or steer a wheelchair by sniffing. Sniffing is a precise motor skill that is controlled, in part, by the soft palate -- the flexible divider that moves to direct air in or out through the mouth or nose. ... > full story

Early predictors of metabolic syndrome in healthy 7-9 year-olds identified (July 27, 2010) -- New research finds evidence supporting relationships seen in adolescents between insulin sensitivity and fatty liver, belly fat, and total body fat and identifies additional potential early markers of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in healthy 7-9 year-olds, including fat in muscle cells, blood pressure, physical activity, and birth weight. ... > full story

Many HIV-exposed infants in African countries not receiving medication to help prevent HIV (July 27, 2010) -- Only about half of infants born to HIV-infected mothers in some African countries receive a minimum preventive dose of the drug nevirapine to help reduce the risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission, according to a new study. ... > full story

Calcium connections: Basic pathway for maintaining cell's fuel stores (July 27, 2010) -- Investigators have described a previously unknown biological mechanism in cells that prevents them from cannibalizing themselves for fuel. The mechanism involves the fuel used by cells under normal conditions and relies on an ongoing transfer of calcium between two cell components via an ion channel. Without this transfer, cells start consuming themselves as a way of to get enough energy. ... > full story

Abusive mothers improve parenting after in-home training, emotional support of therapists (July 27, 2010) -- Each year, US child welfare agencies log more than 3 million reports of child abuse and neglect. Many services aim to address child abuse but there's very little scientific data about whether the services actually work, say psychologists. A new study finds that women in families reported previously for child abuse improved their parenting after intensive, weekly, in-home, hands-on training by mental health service providers. ... > full story

Experimental obesity drug avoids brain effects that troubled predecessors (July 27, 2010) -- A second-generation experimental anti-obesity and diabetes drug has shown promise in reducing body weight in rodents just as effectively as the predecessor rimonabant while avoiding the risk of psychiatric side effects that led to the withdrawal of rimonabant from the market and stopped further development of other brain-penetrating drugs of its type. ... > full story

New HIV treatment guidelines indicate importance of early, individualized antiretroviral treatment (July 27, 2010) -- Advances in antiretroviral treatment have shown that the progressive immune system destruction caused by HIV infection, including AIDS, can be prevented, indicating the importance of beginning ART early, when a person with HIV infection is without symptoms, according to the 2010 recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA Panel. ... > full story

Few people are doing it, so why should I? Motivating men to seek cancer screening (July 27, 2010) -- In Germany, several national health campaigns promote cancer screening by announcing that only one in five German men gets screened. This is supposed to motivate men to have an examination. But a new study finds that this well-meaning message has the exact opposite effect: it makes men less likely to choose to get screened. ... > full story

New proteins that regulate blood pressure, flow discovered (July 27, 2010) -- Researchers have identified key players in a little-known biochemical pathway that appears to regulate blood pressure. The findings could lead to a better understanding of who will get high blood pressure and why, as well as allow us to develop better drugs to treat these patients. ... > full story

Extended use of anti-clotting drug helps some bedridden patients (July 27, 2010) -- A treatment plan used to prevent potentially dangerous blood clots in recovering surgical patients can also benefit some patients immobilized by acute medical illness, doctors have found in a multi-institutional study. ... > full story

Even in good communities, roaming teens a recipe for violence (July 27, 2010) -- Even in better neighborhoods, parents should be wary about letting teens gather with nothing to do and with no adult supervision, a new study suggests. In a long-term study of Chicago neighborhoods, researchers found that informal teen gatherings significantly increased the likelihood of violent behavior by the adolescents. ... > full story

HIV's sugar coating offers new vaccine approach (July 27, 2010) -- The chains of sugar molecules, or carbohydrates, that cover the outside of the highly variable HIV virus remain constant, are different from those found on human cells, and could form the basis of a promising new approach to an AIDS vaccine, according to new research. ... > full story

Inhibiting fatty acids in immune cells decreases atherosclerosis risk (July 27, 2010) -- Scientists have found a way to significantly reduce atherosclerosis in mice that does not involve lowering cholesterol levels or eliminating other obesity-related problems. They did it by interfering with production of a substance called fatty acid synthase, an enzyme that converts dietary sugars into fatty acids in the liver. ... > full story

Children with brain injuries have problems with story-telling, study suggests (July 27, 2010) -- Children with brain injuries have difficulty developing story-telling skills even though other language abilities, such as vocabulary, tend to catch up with other children as they mature, new research shows. ... > full story

Excessive intake of omega 6 and deficiencies in omega 3 induce obesity down the generations (July 27, 2010) -- Chronic excess of linoleic acid (omega 6), coupled with a deficiency in alpha-linoleic acid (omega 3), can increase obesity down the generations. Researchers exposed several generations of male and female adult and young mice to a "Western-like" diet of this type, and then assessed the consequences of such a lipid environment in the human diet. ... > full story

Bird flu: Preening spreads viruses in nature (July 27, 2010) -- Scientists discovered that the preen oil gland secretions, by which all aquatic birds make their feathers waterproof, support a natural mechanism that concentrates AIVs from water onto birds' bodies. Since waterbirds use to spread preen oil over their own (self-preening) or other birds' (allo-preening) plumage, it is easily understandable how these preening activities could facilitate the diffusion of the viruses in nature. ... > full story

Weight loss may be associated with improvements in hot flushes in overweight and obese women (July 27, 2010) -- Among overweight and obese women with bothersome hot flushes during menopause, an intensive weight loss intervention program may lead to improvements in flushing, according to a new study. ... > full story

Negative stereotypes shown to affect learning, not just performance, study finds (July 27, 2010) -- While the effect of negative performance stereotypes on test-taking and in other domains is well documented, a new study shows that the effects might also be seen further upstream than once thought, when the skills are learned, not just performed. ... > full story

Infectious prions can arise spontaneously in normal brain tissue, study shows (July 27, 2010) -- In a startling new discovery, scientists have shown for the first time that abnormal prions, bits of infectious protein devoid of DNA or RNA that can cause fatal neurodegenerative disease, can suddenly erupt from healthy brain tissue. ... > full story

Biological rationale for why intensive lupus treatment works (July 27, 2010) -- Researchers have uncovered the biological rationale for why large doses of corticosteroids given repeatedly over several weeks may help individuals with lupus, a chronic inflammatory disease that affects more than one million people in the US. ... > full story

Seeing the forest and the trees reveals heart problems (July 27, 2010) -- A statistical analysis of publicly available heart rate data using three classification tools -- Random Forests, Logistic Model Tree and Neural Network -- could lead to a rapid and precise way to diagnose heart problems, according to new research. ... > full story

Plentiful maternal affection in early infancy boosts adult coping skills, study finds (July 27, 2010) -- Moms who shower their infants with affection equip them to cope well with life stressors as adults, new research finds. ... > full story

SIRT1 gene important for memory (July 27, 2010) -- A protein implicated in many biological processes also may play a role in memory, according to a new study. ... > full story

Preventing heart problems while keeping a cool head: Cause of flushing effect arising from cholesterol treatment with nicotinic acid (July 27, 2010) -- Cholesterol influences the health of our hearts and blood vessels. Conventional treatment attempts to reduce the level of "bad" cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, in the blood plasma. The opposite approach, which involves increasing the concentration of "good" HDL cholesterol using nicotinic acid, has proven unpopular among patients up to now. The reason for this is that treatment with nicotinic acid has an unpleasant but harmless side-effect: the drug makes patients turn quite red in the face. Scientists have now discovered the mechanism behind this effect, which is known as flushing. This will enable the development of flush inhibitors and thereby the more effective prevention of cardiovascular diseases. ... > full story

Elder Care Puts Strain on Adult Parent-Child Relationship (July 27, 2010) -- Relationships between elder and younger members of a family can be strained and positive and negative in nature, even when affection is shared. A new study finds that long-term caretaking duties puts further strain on adult parent-child relationships. ... > full story

Childhood cancer survivors may have abnormal long-term cardiac function (July 26, 2010) -- Childhood cancer survival is associated with increased risk of long-term abnormalities in cardiac function, according to a new study. ... > full story

Predicting drug responsiveness in cancer patients (July 26, 2010) -- Drugs that target the protein mTOR are used to treat several forms of cancer, but not all patients respond to the treatment. Now, a team of researchers has identified a way to help predict which patients will respond to such drugs. ... > full story

Our children aren't sleeping and we're medicating them, survey finds (July 26, 2010) -- A new survey of child psychiatrists indicates that insomnia is a major problem among children in mental health treatment and at least a quarter of these patients are given sleep medication. The results of the survey suggests that management of insomnia in this population is a common practice, although the clinical approach varies widely. ... > full story

New compound improves obesity-related health complications (July 26, 2010) -- An experimental compound appears to improve metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity, according to a preliminary study. ... > full story

What does your avatar say about you? (July 26, 2010) -- Old or young, beautiful or sinister - the choices are endless when designing an avatar or a virtual alter ego. In the end, do people choose one that is really different from themselves? Usually not, according to new research that shows in most cases, avatars reflect the personality of their creators. The study has implications for real-life companies who would like to reach both the virtual and real-world markets. ... > full story

Noninvasive MR imaging of blood vessel growth in tumors using nanosized contrast agents (July 26, 2010) -- Scientists have incorporated nanotechnology, material science, and the clinical imaging modality MRI, to create a nanosized probe capable of noninvasively visualizing and quantifying the blood vessel growth in tumors in a preclinical model. Studies in cell and preclinical animal models showed increase uptake of vascular targeted-nanoprobes over non-targeted nanoprobes. ... > full story

Certain epilepsy drugs may increase risk of suicide, study suggests (July 26, 2010) -- While the Food and Drug Administration requires a warning of an increased risk of suicide for all epilepsy drugs, a new study shows that only certain drugs may increase the risk. ... > full story

Missing link in cell mitosis discovered: The role of protein in controlling cell division unveiled (July 26, 2010) -- A major discovery promises to revolutionize the way scientists think about key aspects of cellular lifecycle and offers a new avenue for cancer researchers to explore in their quest to one day slow down the progression of cancer. ... > full story


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