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Thursday, July 22, 2010

ScienceDaily Technology Headlines -- for Thursday, July 22, 2010

ScienceDaily Technology Headlines

for Thursday, July 22, 2010

Welcome to another edition of ScienceDaily's email newsletter. You can change your subscription options or unsubscribe at any time.


Students design early labor detector aimed to prevent premature births (July 22, 2010) -- A team of graduate students and their faculty adviser have invented a system to pick up very early signs that a woman is going into labor too soon. ... > full story

Video game processors help lower CT scan radiation (July 22, 2010) -- A new approach to processing X-ray data could lower by a factor of ten or more the amount of radiation patients receive during cone beam CT scans, researchers report. ... > full story

Nanoribbons for graphene transistors: Materials for tomorrow's nanoelectronics (July 22, 2010) -- Scientists have managed for the first time to grow graphene ribbons that are just a few nanometers wide using a simple surface-based chemical method. Graphene ribbons are considered to be "hot candidates" for future electronics applications as their properties can be adjusted through width and edge shape. ... > full story

Military greenhouse gas emissions: EPA should recognize environmental impact of protecting foreign oil, researchers urge (July 22, 2010) -- US military operations to protect oil imports coming from the Middle East are creating larger amounts of greenhouse gas emissions than once thought, new research from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln shows. ... > full story

Cometary impact on Neptune: Herschel data point to collision about two centuries ago (July 21, 2010) -- A comet may have hit the planet Neptune about two centuries ago. This is indicated by the distribution of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere of the gas giant that researchers have now studied. The scientists analyzed data taken by the research satellite Herschel, that has been orbiting the Sun in a distance of approximately 1.5 million kilometers since May 2009. ... > full story

Finding frugal aliens: 'Benford beacons' concept could refocus search for signs of intelligent extraterrestrial life (July 21, 2010) -- By looking at the point-of-view of ET civilizations sending beacons, an astrophysicist and microwave-expert brother advocate new approach for SETI to find signals of intelligent alien life. ... > full story

Do cleaning products cause breast cancer? (July 21, 2010) -- Women who report greater use of cleaning products may be at higher breast cancer risk than those who say they use them sparingly. Researchers asked more than 1500 women about their cleaning product usage and found that women who reported using more air fresheners and products for mold and mildew control had a higher incidence of breast cancer. ... > full story

Poplar tree protein can be used to shrink memory elements and increase computer memory density (July 21, 2010) -- Scientists in Israel have succeeded in showing how it is possible to greatly expand the memory capacity of future computers through the use of memory units based on silica nanoparticles combined with protein molecules obtained from the poplar tree. ... > full story

Stars just got bigger: A 300-solar-mass star uncovered (July 21, 2010) -- Using a combination of instruments on the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope, astronomers have discovered the most massive stars to date, one weighing at birth more than 300 times the mass of the Sun, or twice as much as the currently accepted limit of 150 solar masses. The existence of these monsters — millions of times more luminous than the Sun, losing weight through very powerful winds — may provide an answer to the question “how massive can stars be?” ... > full story

Nanoparticles plus adult stem cells demolish plaque, study finds (July 21, 2010) -- A technique that combines nanotechnology with adult stem cells appears to destroy atherosclerotic plaque and rejuvenate the arteries, according to a new study. ... > full story

Flower organ's cells make random decisions that determine size (July 21, 2010) -- The sepals of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana -- commonly known as the mouse-eared cress -- are characterized by an outer layer of cells that vary widely in their sizes, and are distributed in equally varied patterns and proportions. Scientists have long wondered how the plant regulates cell division to create these patterns. Melding time-lapse imaging and computer modeling, a team of scientists has provided a somewhat unexpected answer to this question. ... > full story

Cassini sees moon building giant snowballs in Saturn ring (July 21, 2010) -- While orbiting Saturn for the last six years, NASA's Cassini spacecraft has kept a close eye on the collisions and disturbances in the gas giant's rings. They provide the only nearby natural laboratory for scientists to see the processes that must have occurred in our early solar system, as planets and moons coalesced out of disks of debris. ... > full story

By 'putting a ring on it,' microparticles can be captured (July 21, 2010) -- To trap and hold tiny microparticles, engineers have "put a ring on it," using a silicon-based circular resonator to confine particles stably for up to several minutes. The advance could one day lead to the ability to direct, deliver, and store nanoparticles and biomolecules on all-optical chips. ... > full story

Nanotechnology: Scientists construct molecular 'knots' (July 21, 2010) -- Scientists have constructed molecular "knots" with dimensions of around two nanometers -- around 30,000 times smaller than the diameter of a human hair. ... > full story

Drilling down to the nanometer depths of leaves for biofuels (July 21, 2010) -- By imaging the cell walls of a zinnia leaf down to the nanometer scale, energy researchers have a better idea about how to turn plants into biofuels. A team has used four different imaging techniques to systematically drill down deep into the cells of Zinnia elegans. ... > full story

Video camera will show Mars rover's touchdown (July 21, 2010) -- A downward-pointing camera on the front-left side of NASA's Curiosity rover will give adventure fans worldwide an unprecedented sense of riding a spacecraft to a landing on Mars. ... > full story

Computer program predicts MRSA bacteria's next move (July 21, 2010) -- Researchers are using computers to identify how one strain of dangerous bacteria might mutate in the same way a champion chess player tries to anticipate an opponent's strategies. The predictive software could result in better drug design to beat antibiotic-resistant mutations. ... > full story

Prolonged mobile phone use may be linked to tinnitus (July 20, 2010) -- Regularly using a mobile phone for at least four years seems to be associated with a doubling in the risk of developing chronic tinnitus (persistent ringing/roaring/hissing in the ear), indicates a small study. ... > full story

Engineers work on rocket demonstrator for Mars missions (July 20, 2010) -- Engineers in the UK are working on a dual fuel rocket which could provide technology suitable for a rocket for Mars and will have a negative carbon footprint. ... > full story

Data presentation and consumer confidence (July 20, 2010) -- Is it better to present data in percentages (80% of 70) or as a frequency (56 out of 70 times)? According to a new study, data presented in the frequency format leads to more accurate judgments. ... > full story

Next generation surgical robots: Where's the doctor? (July 20, 2010) -- Feasibility studies conducted by bioengineers have demonstrated that a robot -- without any human assistance -- can locate a man-made, or phantom, lesion in simulated human organs, guide a device to the lesion and take multiple samples during a single session. ... > full story

New method developed for synchronizing clocks (July 20, 2010) -- Researchers report on a new way to accurately synchronize clocks. The new method uses both GPS and the Internet to set clocks within 10 nanoseconds of a reference clock located anywhere on Earth. ... > full story

Widely used chemicals linked to ADHD in children (July 20, 2010) -- Researchers suggests a link between polyfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs), industrial compounds which are widely used in many consumer products, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children. PFCs are highly stable compounds used in industrial and commercial products like stain-resistance coatings, food packaging, and fire-fighting foams. ... > full story

Image-processing algorithm reduces CT radiation dose by as much as 95 percent (July 20, 2010) -- In the wake of recent radiation overdoses, researchers excited by CT perfusion's promise for diagnosing stroke, cancer, and possibly heart disease have developed a way to reduce the amount of radiation involved in the procedure -- which, when done properly, already involves very little risk. ... > full story

‘The friend of my enemy is my enemy’: Virtual universe study proves 80-year-old theory on how humans interact (July 20, 2010) -- A new study analyzing interactions between players in a virtual universe game has for the first time provided large-scale evidence to prove an 80-year-old psychological theory called Structural Balance Theory. The research shows that individuals tend to avoid stress-causing relationships when they develop a society, resulting in more stable social networks. ... > full story

Fourth property of electrons? Electric dipole moment would explain creation of universe (July 20, 2010) -- Do electrons have a fourth property in addition to mass, charge and spin, as popular physics theories such as supersymmetry predict? Researchers from Germany, the Czech Republic and the United States want to find the answer to this fundamental question of physics. In order to improve the precision of previous measurements, they have created a new material with the aid of the Juelich supercomputer JUROPA. ... > full story

Beach umbrellas do not block out all solar radiation, study shows (July 20, 2010) -- A team of researchers from Spain has found that 34% of ultraviolet radiation filters through under beach umbrellas. According to the study, umbrellas intercept the full direct flow that comes from the Sun, but not the diffused radiation that penetrates through from the sides. ... > full story

Artificial cells communicate and cooperate like biological cells, ants (July 20, 2010) -- Researchers have designed "biologically inspired" artificial cells capable of self-organizing into independent groups that can communicate and cooperate, behaving like complex natural organisms. ... > full story

Microbial world's use of metals mostly unmapped (July 20, 2010) -- Microbes boast a broader and more diverse array of metal-driven chemical processes than scientists imagined. In fact, most have yet to be discovered, according to a first-of-its-kind technique that catalogs all of the metals in a microbe. The method could lead to innovative clean energy and bioremediation technologies. ... > full story

Advance made toward communication, computing at 'terahertz' speeds (July 20, 2010) -- Physicists in the United States and Germany have discovered a way to use a gallium arsenide nanodevice as a signal processor at "terahertz" speeds, the first time it's been used for this purpose and an important step forward in the new world of optical communication and computing. ... > full story

Breakthrough in thin-film solar cells: New insights into the indium/gallium puzzle (July 20, 2010) -- Scientists have made a major breakthrough in their search for more efficient thin-film solar cells. Computer simulations designed to investigate the so-called indium/gallium puzzle have highlighted a new way of increasing the efficiency of CIGS thin-film solar cells. ... > full story

Cerebral bioelectricity analysis detects epilepsy (July 20, 2010) -- Researchers in Spain have developed a new method to analyze the information obtained from electroencephalograms to detect neurodegenerative diseases, such as epilepsy, using the bioelectric signals of the brain. ... > full story

Mermaid opens prospect of cleaner seas with pollution early warning system (July 20, 2010) -- Alarm at the massive oil plume in the Gulf of Mexico emphasizes the problem of marine pollution and how difficult it is to evaluate. Thanks to a EUREKA project, another heavily polluted maritime ecosystem, the European North Sea, has been for more than 20 years a test-bed for a highly advanced early-warning system for all types of pollution. This development is now aiding marine authorities around the world to keep seas clean. ... > full story

Orbiter puts itself into standby safe mode (July 20, 2010) -- NASA's Mars Odyssey orbiter put itself into a safe standby mode on Wednesday, July 14, and the team operating the spacecraft has begun implementing careful steps designed to resume Odyssey's science and relay operations this week. ... > full story

Cultured brain cells taught to keep time (July 19, 2010) -- Scientists have tested whether networks of brain cells kept alive in culture could be "trained" to keep time. The findings suggest that networks of brain cells can learn to generate simple timed intervals. ... > full story

How technology may improve treatment for children with brain cancer (July 19, 2010) -- A new study shows that children with brain tumors who undergo radiation therapy (the application of X-rays to kill cancerous cells and shrink tumors) may benefit from a technique known as "intensity modulated arc therapy" or IMAT. ... > full story

Getting mosquitoes under control: Gene-silencing nanoparticles may put end to pesky summer pest (July 19, 2010) -- Summer just wouldn't be complete without mosquitoes nipping at exposed skin. Or would it? New research may help solve a problem that scientists and pest controllers have been itching to for years. Scientists have developed a way to use nanoparticles to deliver double-stranded ribonucleic acid to silence genes in mosquito larvae. ... > full story

High-speed study of zebrafish larvae: New technique can analyze larvae in seconds (July 19, 2010) -- With the aim of speeding up the process of studying zebrafish larvae and enabling large-scale studies, engineers have developed a new technique that can analyze the larvae in seconds. ... > full story

Vaccine-delivery patch with dissolving microneedles eliminates 'sharps,' boosts protection (July 19, 2010) -- A new vaccine-delivery patch based on hundreds of microscopic needles that dissolve into the skin could allow persons without medical training to painlessly administer vaccines -- while providing improved immunization against diseases such as influenza. ... > full story

Unusual electrons go with the flow (July 19, 2010) -- On a quest to discover new states of matter, a team of scientists has found that electrons on the surface of specific materials act like miniature superheroes, relentlessly dodging the cliff-like obstacles of imperfect microsurfaces, sometimes moving straight through barriers. ... > full story

Refining a cosmic clock: Particle accelerator research helps narrow down the age of our galaxy (July 19, 2010) -- A study of processes that affect the abundance of osmium will reduce the uncertainty that has plagued measurements of the age of the Milky Way. ... > full story

NASA's WISE mission completes extensive sky survey (July 19, 2010) -- NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, or WISE, completed its first survey of the entire sky on July 17, 2010. The mission has generated more than one million images so far, of everything from asteroids to distant galaxies. ... > full story

See beautiful Ontario Lacus: Cassini's guided tour (July 19, 2010) -- Ontario Lacus, the largest lake in the southern hemisphere of Saturn's moon Titan, turns out to be a perfect exotic vacation spot, provided you can handle the frosty, subzero temperatures and enjoy soaking in liquid hydrocarbon. ... > full story

Novel microfluidic HIV test is quick and cheap (July 18, 2010) -- Biomedical engineers have developed a "lab on a chip" device for HIV testing. The test integrates an antibody microarray with a lensfree holographic imaging device that takes only seconds to count the number of captured T-cells and amount of secreted cytokine molecules. The test returns results six to 12 times faster than traditional approaches and tests six parameters simultaneously, based on a small blood sample. ... > full story

Making virtopsies a reality: New research project to develop reliable and cost-effective virtual autopsies (July 18, 2010) -- A new research project is set to play a vital role in continuing research into viable alternatives to invasive autopsies, which many families find to be unpleasant. ... > full story

Cell signaling classification system gives researchers new tool (July 18, 2010) -- Using ever-growing genome data, scientists are tracing the evolution of the bacterial regulatory system that controls cellular motility, potentially giving researchers a method for predicting important cellular functions that will impact both medical and biotechnology research. ... > full story

New method revolutionizes study of metal-containing proteins (July 18, 2010) -- Scientists have shown through an entirely new method that metalloproteins are much more diverse and extensive than previously recognized and that it is possible to determine all the metals in an organism in one fell swoop through a reliable, genome-wide approach. ... > full story

Chemists grow crystals with a twist -- and untwist (July 17, 2010) -- Chemists have created crystals that can twist and untwist, pointing to a much more varied process of crystal growth than previously thought. Their work may explain some of the properties of high-polymers, which are used in clothing and liquid crystal displays, among other consumer products. ... > full story


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