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Monday, July 26, 2010

ScienceDaily Technology Headlines -- for Monday, July 26, 2010

ScienceDaily Technology Headlines

for Monday, July 26, 2010

Welcome to another edition of ScienceDaily's email newsletter. You can change your subscription options or unsubscribe at any time.


Toward a new generation of superplastics (July 25, 2010) -- Scientists are reporting an in-depth validation of the discovery of the world's first mass producible, low-cost, organoclays for plastics. The powdered material, made from natural clay, would be a safer, more environmentally friendly replacement for the compound widely used to make plastics nanocomposites. ... > full story

3-D gesture-based interaction system unveiled (July 25, 2010) -- Touch screens such as those found on the iPhone or iPad are the latest form of technology allowing interaction with smart phones, computers and other devices. However, scientists in Germany have developed the next generation non-contact gesture and finger recognition system. The novel system detects hand and finger positions in real-time and translates these into appropriate interaction commands. Furthermore, the system does not require special gloves or markers and is capable of supporting multiple users. ... > full story

Researchers calculate the cost of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, call for carbon tax (July 25, 2010) -- Researchers are calling on policymakers to encourage the transition from coal-based electricity production to a system based on natural gas through a carbon tax. ... > full story

Graphene oxide gets green: Environmentally friendly ways to make it in bulk, break it down (July 25, 2010) -- Scientists have found a way to synthesize graphene oxide in bulk in an environmentally friendly way, eliminating toxic and explosive chemicals from the process. They have also found a class of common bacteria breaks down graphene oxide into environmentally benign graphene. ... > full story

Predicting nanoparticle structures: Standard chemical reactions show the way (July 25, 2010) -- Scientists have discovered a way to predict the organization of nanoparticles in larger forms by treating them much the same as ensembles of molecules formed from standard chemical reactions. ... > full story

Nanowick at heart of new system to cool 'power electronics' (July 25, 2010) -- Researchers have shown that an advanced cooling technology being developed for high-power electronics in military and automotive systems is capable of handling roughly 10 times the heat generated by conventional computer chips. ... > full story

Nanoparticles in English ivy may hold the key to making sunscreen safer and more effective (July 25, 2010) -- Researchers have found that nanoparticles in ivy may protect skin from UV radiation at least four times better than the metal-based sunblocks found on store shelves today. ... > full story

Graphene organic photovoltaics: Flexible material only a few atoms thick may offer cheap solar power (July 24, 2010) -- A research team has produced flexible transparent carbon atom films that the researchers say have great potential for a new breed of solar cells. ... > full story

Virtual reality gives insight on protein structures (July 24, 2010) -- To understand a protein, it helps to get inside of it, and a professor has now figured out a way to do so. A new computer software program and projection system lets a person look at larger-than-life, 3-D structures of proteins in virtual reality. This allows scientists to walk inside, through or around the protein of interest for investigating its structure and function. ... > full story

NASA spacecraft camera yields most accurate Mars map (July 24, 2010) -- A camera aboard NASA's Mars Odyssey spacecraft has helped develop the most accurate global Martian map ever. Researchers and the public can access the map via several websites and explore and survey the entire surface of the Red Planet. ... > full story

Charging up electric car batteries in environmentally-friendly way (July 24, 2010) -- Electromobility makes sense only if car batteries are charged using electricity from renewable energy sources. But the supply of green electricity is not always adequate. An intelligent charging station can help, by adapting the recharging times to suit energy supply and network capacity. ... > full story

Out of the gait: Robot ranger sets untethered 'walking' record at 14.3 miles (July 23, 2010) -- The loneliness of the long-distance robot: A robot named Ranger walked 14.3 miles in about 11 hours, setting an unofficial world record. A human -- armed with nothing more than a standard remote control for toys -- steered the untethered robot. ... > full story

Cancer-metabolism link runs deep in humans, novel network algorithm suggests (July 23, 2010) -- Eighty years ago, the medical establishment believed cancer was caused by a dysfunction of metabolism, but the idea went out of vogue. Now, scientists are again looking at metabolism and its role in cancer and other common diseases. ... > full story

Supercomputer reproduces a cyclone's birth, may boost forecasting (July 23, 2010) -- Scientists have employed NASA's Pleiades supercomputer and atmospheric data to simulate tropical cyclone Nargis -- with the first model to replicate the formation of the tropical cyclone five days in advance. ... > full story

How do cells die? Biophotonic tools reveal real-time dynamics in living color (July 23, 2010) -- Apoptosis, programmed cell death, is essential to normal development, healthy immune system function, and cancer prevention. The process dramatically transforms cellular structures but the limitations of conventional microscopy methods have kept much about this structural reorganization a mystery. ... > full story

Nanoparticles as destructive beacons to zap tumors (July 23, 2010) -- A group of researchers is developing a way to treat cancer by using lasers to light up tiny nanoparticles and destroy tumors with the ensuing heat. ... > full story

New technique for studying dark energy (July 23, 2010) -- A new but technically challenging observational "shortcut" will help make large-scale cosmic maps that can yield clues to to the nature of the mysterious "dark energy" that pervades the universe. ... > full story

New quantum state of matter discovered in Heusler compounds: Applications in spintronics, quantum computing and new physical effects (July 23, 2010) -- Scientists have been researching Heusler compounds, which are an important material class for the use in spintronic applications. Over the past few years, new application areas have emerged in the field of renewable energy, such as solar energy and thermoelectrics. And now Heusler compounds are also being considered for future technologies such as quantum computers. ... > full story

Transparency through open notes: Risks and rewards of inviting patients to review their medical records (July 23, 2010) -- Technology has placed vast amounts of medical information literally a mouse click away. Yet what often may be central -- a doctor's notes about a patient visit -- has traditionally not been part of the discussion. In effect, such records have long been out of bounds. In a new article, researchers speculate about the risks and rewards of making clinicians' notes transparent to patients. ... > full story

Can chaos theory help predict heart attacks? (July 23, 2010) -- Chaos models may someday help model cardiac arrhythmias -- abnormal electrical rhythms of the heart, say researchers. ... > full story

European Space Agency develops radar to watch for space hazards (July 23, 2010) -- As part of the European Space Agency's Space Situational Awareness activities, a new radar system will be developed to help safeguard space missions. The radar will detect hazardous objects in Earth orbit and trigger warnings that enable satellite operators to avoid collisions, making spaceflight safer for all. ... > full story

NASA telescope finds elusive buckyballs in space for first time (July 23, 2010) -- Astronomers using NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope have discovered carbon molecules, known as "buckyballs," in space for the first time. Buckyballs are soccer-ball-shaped molecules that were first observed in a laboratory 25 years ago. ... > full story

Math model of colon inflammation singles out dangerous immune cells (July 23, 2010) -- Scientists have constructed a mathematical and computational model of inflammatory bowel disease that allows researchers to simulate the cellular and molecular changes underlying chronic inflammation in humans. The model allows scientists to explore different interactions of cells in the immune system, check how these cells are linked to inflammation in the colon, and identify intervention points to perhaps stop the disease in its tracks. ... > full story

Pounding particles to create Neptune's water in the lab (July 23, 2010) -- An international group of physicists has drawn up plans to use the new Facility for Antiprotons and Ion Research in Germany to expose water molecules to heavy ion beams and generate the same level of pressure on the water molecules that they experience within the very inhospitable core of Neptune. ... > full story

Quantum mechanics not in jeopardy: Physicists confirm a decades-old key principle experimentally (July 23, 2010) -- When waves -- regardless of whether light or sound -- collide, they overlap creating interferences. Austrian and Canadian quantum physicists have now been able to rule out the existence of higher-order interferences experimentally and thereby confirmed an axiom in quantum physics: Born's rule. ... > full story

Highest X-ray energy used to probe materials (July 23, 2010) -- Scientists for the first time have dived into the effect that an intense X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) has on materials. Using the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) facility at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, scientists probed nitrogen gas at X-ray energies of up to 8 keV (kiloelectronvolts), the highest X-ray energy ever used at an XFEL, to see how it behaved when the laser hit it. ... > full story

Bio-based compound provides substitute for important raw material in plastic products (July 23, 2010) -- Soft drink bottles and fleece blankets are set to become more environmentally friendly. A Dutch researcher has made a bio-based compound that can act as a substitute for one of the most important raw materials for plastic products. The U.S. Department of Energy has awarded the new material a place in the top 12 of the most promising biological materials for the chemical industry. ... > full story

Oilseed rape and sunflower oils investigated as new way to produce fuel and feed for herds (July 23, 2010) -- The oil extracted from oleaginous plants can be used as a fuel for agricultural vehicles without any reduction in their performance -- thus enabling farmers to have greater energy self-sufficiency. Besides this, a sub-product known as oilseedcake is extracted, and which is optimum fodder for animal herds, given its significant protein and fatty acids content. ... > full story

Bioenergy production can expand across Africa without displacing food, report finds (July 23, 2010) -- Crops can be produced for bioenergy on a significant scale in west, eastern and southern Africa without doing damage to food production or natural habitats, according to a report produced by the Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa, Imperial College London and CAMCO International. ... > full story

Key compound of ozone destruction detected; Scientists disprove doubts in ozone hole chemistry (July 22, 2010) -- For the first time, scientists in Germany have successfully measured in the ozone layer the chlorine compound ClOOCl, which plays an important role in stratospheric ozone depletion. Doubts in the established models of polar ozone chemistry expressed by American researchers based on laboratory measurements are disproved by these new atmospheric observations. ... > full story

Data mining made faster: New method eases analysis of 'multidimensional' information (July 22, 2010) -- To many big companies, you aren't just a customer, but are described by multiple "dimensions" of information within a computer database. Now, a computer scientist has devised a new method for simpler, faster "data mining," or extracting and analyzing massive amounts of such data. ... > full story

Hyperfast star was booted from Milky Way (July 22, 2010) -- A hundred million years ago, a triple-star system was traveling through the bustling center of our Milky Way galaxy when it made a life-changing misstep. The trio wandered too close to the galaxy's giant black hole, which captured one of the stars and hurled the other two out of the Milky Way. Adding to the stellar game of musical chairs, the two outbound stars merged to form a super-hot, blue star. ... > full story

Caterpillars crawl like none other: Unique means of animal locomotion has implications for robotics, human biomechanics (July 22, 2010) -- Biologists studying caterpillars have reported a unique "two-body" system of locomotion that has not previously been reported in any animal. The gut of the crawling caterpillar moves forward independently and in advance of the surrounding body wall and legs, not with them. This novel system may contribute to the caterpillars' extraordinary freedom of movement and provide insight for the design of soft-bodied robots. ... > full story

Now you see it, now you don't: An infrared invisibility cloak made of glass (July 22, 2010) -- From Star Trek's Romulans, who could cloak their spaceships, to Harry Potter's magical garment, the power to turn someone or something invisible has intrigued mankind. Now one researcher is doing it for real. She has found ways to use magnetic resonance to capture rays of visible light and route them around objects, rendering those objects invisible to the human eye. ... > full story

Gulf oil dispersants unlikely to be endocrine disruptors and have relatively low cell toxicity, tests find (July 22, 2010) -- Government scientists are reporting that eight of the most commonly used oil dispersants used to fight oil spills, such as the massive episode in the Gulf of Mexico, appear unlikely to act as endocrine disruptors -- hormone-like substances that can interfere with reproduction, development, and other biological processes. The tested dispersants also had a relatively low potential for cytotoxicity (cell death), with JD-2000 and SAF-RON GOLD showing the least potential. ... > full story

Engineering researchers simplify process to make world's tiniest wires (July 22, 2010) -- Surface tension isn't a very powerful force, but it matters for small things -- water bugs, paint, and, it turns out, nanowires. ... > full story

Evidence of water in lunar rocks: Water on moon may be widespread, similar to Earth's (July 22, 2010) -- That dry, dusty moon overhead? Seems it isn't quite as dry as it's long been thought to be. Although you won't find oceans, lakes, or even a shallow puddle on its surface, a team of geologists has found structurally bound hydroxyl groups (i.e., water) in a mineral in a lunar rock returned to Earth by the Apollo program. ... > full story

Nanotech coatings produce 20 times more electricity from sewage (July 22, 2010) -- Engineers have made a significant advance toward producing electricity from sewage, by the use of new coatings on the anodes of microbial electrochemical cells that increased the electricity production about 20 times. The findings bring the researchers one step closer to technology that could clean biowaste at the same time it produces useful levels of electricity -- a promising new innovation in wastewater treatment and renewable energy. ... > full story

Black hole jerked around twice (July 22, 2010) -- Scientists have found evidence that a giant black hole has been jerked around twice, causing its spin axis to point in a different direction from before. This discovery, made with new data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, might explain several mysterious-looking objects found throughout the Universe. ... > full story

Quantum entanglement in photosynthesis and evolution (July 22, 2010) -- Recently, academic debate has been swirling around the existence of unusual quantum mechanical effects in the most ubiquitous of phenomena, including photosynthesis, the process by which organisms convert light into chemical energy. In a new paper, these ideas are put to the test. ... > full story

Students design early labor detector aimed to prevent premature births (July 22, 2010) -- A team of graduate students and their faculty adviser have invented a system to pick up very early signs that a woman is going into labor too soon. ... > full story

Video game processors help lower CT scan radiation (July 22, 2010) -- A new approach to processing X-ray data could lower by a factor of ten or more the amount of radiation patients receive during cone beam CT scans, researchers report. ... > full story

Nanoribbons for graphene transistors: Materials for tomorrow's nanoelectronics (July 22, 2010) -- Scientists have managed for the first time to grow graphene ribbons that are just a few nanometers wide using a simple surface-based chemical method. Graphene ribbons are considered to be "hot candidates" for future electronics applications as their properties can be adjusted through width and edge shape. ... > full story

Military greenhouse gas emissions: EPA should recognize environmental impact of protecting foreign oil, researchers urge (July 22, 2010) -- US military operations to protect oil imports coming from the Middle East are creating larger amounts of greenhouse gas emissions than once thought, new research from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln shows. ... > full story

Study describes health effects of occupational exposures in Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant workers (July 22, 2010) -- A five-year study into the causes of deaths of workers at Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant shows significantly lower death rates from all causes and cancer in general when compared to the overall United States population. This is known by occupational health researchers as the "healthy worker effect." However, death from lymphatic and bone marrow cancers such as leukemia or multiple myeloma were slightly above national rates. ... > full story

Cometary impact on Neptune: Herschel data point to collision about two centuries ago (July 21, 2010) -- A comet may have hit the planet Neptune about two centuries ago. This is indicated by the distribution of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere of the gas giant that researchers have now studied. The scientists analyzed data taken by the research satellite Herschel, that has been orbiting the Sun in a distance of approximately 1.5 million kilometers since May 2009. ... > full story

Finding frugal aliens: 'Benford beacons' concept could refocus search for signs of intelligent extraterrestrial life (July 21, 2010) -- By looking at the point-of-view of ET civilizations sending beacons, an astrophysicist and microwave-expert brother advocate new approach for SETI to find signals of intelligent alien life. ... > full story

Do cleaning products cause breast cancer? (July 21, 2010) -- Women who report greater use of cleaning products may be at higher breast cancer risk than those who say they use them sparingly. Researchers asked more than 1500 women about their cleaning product usage and found that women who reported using more air fresheners and products for mold and mildew control had a higher incidence of breast cancer. ... > full story


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